Neurodivergence and Representation: People Maps and Farewells II

What follows now is an adaptation of a Facebook note entitled "The Year In Hope", the last of the series I posted on my now unpublished personal activist's page, because I think it says more of what I wanted to say here and I have too much to say. This will be my Part II of a Three part post featuring Leah Kelley's Magic Card People Map, a great accessibility tool that she writes about in "Gathering at TASH and The Magic People Map." Those who have expressed an interest in having cards for themselves can ask Leah about them at http://30daysofautism.wordpress.com .

Before the debacle of Facebook's year recapping app forcing users to remember traumatic events of 2014, Facebook had their app for grabbing photos and recapping the timeline year active again. 2014 was a year I don't really wish to recap. The cost in lives of disabled children and the human rights

Ariane Zurcher, writer, speaker, artist,
activist, mother  and ally of Emma
Zurcher-Long. Ariane embodies the
community building autism parent by
tackling tough topics and giving the podium
to her daughter to speak out about
nonspeaking autism and representation

losses are just too high to celebrate. I will be on hiatus from activism for at least part of this year. So I'm continuing the
 people map of some of those dedicated folk I think should be recognized for selflessly standing up for what is right, and the stalwart parent allies who stand with them.

There is something very important that I am asking of everyone of you. whether your activism is all online or you are community organizing, marching in protests, or standing in congressional offices and trying to make things right, please don't think about political expediency, tactical advantage, career opportunity, or personal gain . Think about what you are fighting for.

There are turning points in activism where people must  choose between their own ascension, the message they are meant to convey in order to drive change to those they advocate for or represent, and political expediency. Sometimes the internet results in a dichotomous environment where these moments of moral truth are not just sharper and more immediate. They are painfully public.  Stand for the truth. Be brave. Even if you stand alone.

Adriana is a living example that highly
ethical, highly qualified care givers
can be allies against ableism in the truest sense.
With Adriana's dedicated support, Amy Sequenzia
 is able to balance a busy life of activism with
self care and engaging our community
fully.

 Without deconstruction of falsehood, change is not possible. Without criticism (even of those who

may be somewhat beneficial to causes but are flawed in a way that damages in the long run) there is no moving forward. If we are afraid to call people and organizations out when they display shortcomings that have the long term potential to harm progress towards justice and equality inclusive of all, then what we live in is  no longer a democracy and we are all lost.

My hope at the beginning of 2014 was that we all became braver people. We need that embodiment of true courage. For those of us who are parents, I hoped  we might demonstrate by example that the true meaning of parenting is finding our own way to accept allowing our children to grow up and age with the supports and accommodations needed to live autonomous lives. What I have seen is a year in which too many systems online and offline exist that perpetuate the gaslighting of parental attitudes about what disability is and what the struggles of parenting are. So many negative groups online have influenced the attitudes of parents and care providers that crimes against our children have  increased and a victim's disability is always used after horrible crimes to justify them. Hundreds of social media groups, web sites and blogs, present such horrifically negative views of what parenting and caring for neurodivergent loved ones means.  Readers who are already sleepless, clinically depressed and seeking solace instead find large populations of similarly clinically depressed parents escalating despondency. The danger in such groups is they foster behavioral and emotional contagion.

Need an example of emotional contagion? Remember that 2014 was the year of the disclosure for the infamous Facebook newsfeed psychology experiment? The researcher manipulated the newsfeeds of about 1 million users in an attempt to manipulate the emotional contagion of users and drive happiness or melancholy. People have a tendency to converge emotionally. The worst example of this is the fixation of Jillian McCabe, the mother threw her beautiful son London McCabe off an Oregon bridge, with that infamous scene in the horrible Autism Speaks movie "Autism Every Day". She wrote that she really identified with "Alison Tepper Singer who contemplated driving off a bridge with her autistic daughter Judie Singer."

 My hope is that whether I am an activist or not, our community takes on the critical task of deconstructing the emotional contagion of these negative content generating organizations and groups.We should be teaching everyone to recognize the signs of clinical parental depression, emergent dangerous thoughts,  unstable emotional states due to chronic sleep deprivation. We need to spot the red flags apparent in certain parent support groups and keep them from instigating harmful behavior towards disabled people.  I pray everyone understands this and if groups are anyone's forte, they begin a wider grassroots building of groups that make it clear that our present views on disability in general and autism in particular are being imposed upon us and what we need to do is begin with understanding how this ableism permeates our lives so we can first keep our mental health and then help attack the true causes of challenges to parenting neurodivergent children: special education systems that aren't working, disparities in what should be a multidisciplinary one-stop care models for meeting the

Emily Titon is an autistic activist for disability
rights, human rights, and social justice. Emily
sits on the boards of several disability rights
organizations and can just as easily be found
community organizing for transformative change
Her work on the exposure of the JRC is a typical
example of excellence in activism.

lifelong medical, dental and vision needs of disabled community members, and research and technology investments in adaptive supports and accommodations that will allow universal design to fulfill its true purpose:  to be inherently inclusive of accommodation by design for disabled people, the world's largest and most underserved minority.

We need to think about how each organization that claims to advocate for our children is actually doing so. How far will they go to help our children? Do they have significant leadership representation of people like our children, regardless of degree of apparent disability? Because only those people, intersected, of our children's races, religions, ethnicities, gender identities, and sexual orientations will understand what life is like for them now and be motivated to drive change for them. Unless you have lived as an autistic adult, how can you possibly know the gaps in adaptive communities, education, health care policies,  or the research needed to significantly improve the quality of life of autistic children when they become adults and age?  So we do need to give the podium to those who represent our children and allow them to tell us what those critical obstacles are. Before it is too late.

The case of Reginald Cornelius Latson is a crucible for representation beyond the disability nonprofit industrial complex. How have organizations who claim to be diverse disability rights advocacy organizations responded to four years of harm done to Neli?

Lei Wiley-Mysdke is the founding curator
of the Ed Wiley Autism Acceptance Lending Library
A community building effort to educate and
empower both the autism community and the
general public on neurodivergence 

Remember that Neli was able to move freely and without supervision in his community before this catastrophic encounter with police. This should have every organization and activist thinking that whatever went wrong, it was not wrong with a young man who had no prior criminal history, no record of aggression in school, and a diagnosis of Asperger's  given much later than other children, even those of color. So with that understanding, we must think of what was done to him that triggered crises and permanently damanged his mental well being rather than simply anthropomorphizing autism itself. Are organizations informing their members that the DOJ had already brought suit against the State of Virginia for their treatment of prisoners like Neli? How are your favorite organizations responding here? Did you only hear of the Latson case recently or not at all? That should tell you how they will treat your son or daughter should they fall afoul of the criminal justice system. Know who you are supporting before your fundraise, buy hair dye and run that 5k.

Back to that hope that people speak the truth without fear. Fear silences. Look at what is happening

Beth Ryan is a parent activist and example
of a transformative community organizer for
good  with healing efforts such as the online
 support group Parenting Autistic Children
 With Love And Acceptance,  

right now. A woman is shot, two police officers are shot, and this tragedy is being leveraged into a way of forcibly silencing

calls for police reform and judicial review of a whole host of incidents in which deadly force was misused and injustice was done. The wrongness of that is nauseating. Redress, transparency, and accountability are what make a democracy. Any attempt to smother criticism of public servants by the public who hire them is a red flag that all is not right.  My hope is that when a truth needs to be told we don't do what is done in special needs circles too much: that is we don't think of only our children's political advantages and abandon the chance to move forward as a community. One voice, regardless of how many connections it has and its individual fame, is small and ultimately dependent on those who follow it. Fame is a fickle mate. Aim to gather community and make it strong. If everyone in our community sees the emperor of ableism points at that narcissistic wrong and shouts "The emperor has no clothes!" even those who survive by kissing the emperor's arse can no longer deny the truth of its wrongness exposed. So don't hesitate. Make our world better. When you see a wrong say so. Don't do the math to calculate an advantage for yourselves.

Remember the KONY 2012 guy Jason Russell? He did what many autism advocates end up doing. He allowed the brief media spotlight and sudden intense popularity to make him more important than the cause he championed.  That led to disaster. Sadly it was never about him. It was about the invisible children. And he went from making a difference to making everyone forget about what he was fighting for. Don't be that

Dr. Anderson-Grace is an autistic academic,
educator, activist, and board member on disability
rights organization. One of the founders of NeuroQueer,
she represents a movement that commands representation
and unity in intersected populations within our
community such that even her brief involvement
in community results in transformative change.

person.

We are fighting for the human rights and civil rights of our loved ones. We are fighting for their equal representation in the society we live in. We are not looking for a segregated life on the fringes of society. We want our children to be respected as they are and given the tools they need to live in the society we live in. The minute we forget what our purpose is we are lost. I've seen it too much this year. Don't let the next victim be you.

My last hope and wish is that everyone work to build a new autism community. This can be done so simply and online. Know the numbers for all your local help agencies. When someone says they are hungry, have no shelter, need to an ear, give them crisis hotlines and food banks and shelter addresses and true help. Resources in the internet age are so easy to find but so few who are in need know about them. This is what I've always meant about pay it forward activism. If you help someone, tell them to remember and help another family or person. Whatever is in a person's ability to accomplish to help other members of our community, that person should try and accomplish it. It would make such a great difference in the lives of autistic children and adults. This is the antidote for the hundreds of groups out there on the web where parents trigger themselves with repeated stories of how they are suffering with their kids and how hopeless and without a future things are until someone decides it is okay to murder their own disabled children. The only genuine antidote is a truly united, diverse, inclusive community. I feel I have failed my part of the task to light a spark to build an online version of it. Maybe all of you can succeed where I have not. But you must begin with community concern beyond personal concern. Make sure your children and family are well. Balance your time so your mental health is in great shape. Then reach out and join with others to help make things better.

Peace


This is the end of Part II.  The final section, Part III  is next.

Mentions links etc.

Leah Kelley's Magic People Map Card info can be found above by mousing over Gathering at TASH and the Magic People Map. Inquiries about acquiring cards for your event can be obtained by commenting on her blog 30 Days of Autism:  
http://30daysofautism.wordpress.com/

The Autism Parenting Positivity Group Parenting Autistic Children with Love and Acceptance can be found here:
 https://www.facebook.com/ParentingAutisticChildrenWithLoveAcceptance?fref=nf

Ariane Zurcher and Emma Zurcher-Long's joint blog, and ongoing chronicle of autism positivity in parenting and autistic self advocacy for autistic tweens and teens who use AAC to communicate can be found here: http://emmashopebook.com/

Dr. Ibby Anderson -Grace's blog Tiny Grace Notes - Ask an Autistic, for parents with questions for autistic adults who are also professionals, academics, and topic experts can be found here:
http://tinygracenotes.blogspot.com/

The Letters to Autistic Kids Project, founded by Dr. Ibby Grace and Leah Kelley, can be found here: http://toautistickids.blogspot.com/ 

Lei Wiley-Mysdke is the curating founder of Ed Wiley Autism Acceptance Lending Library, for information:  https://www.facebook.com/EdWileyAutismAcceptance?pnref=lhc

Questions for autistic activist Amy Sequenzia and Adriana about building long term friendships with mutual respect between disabled activists and care providers, supported typing, and balancing the livea of active disabled people with complex health management can be addressed to Amy Sequenzia and Adriana through Amy's website:  http://nonspeakingautisticspeaking.blogspot.com/

The further adventures in activism of Emily Titon can be followed by following her on Facebook or twitter @imnoteamplayer, or Googling her. Here she is in  a Boston Globe article with Cheryl McCollins, the mother of JRC torture victim Andre McCollins.
http://c.o0bg.com/rf/image_585w/Boston/2011-2020/2012/05/09/BostonGlobe.com/Metro/Images/10rotenberg_photo.jpg

Neurodivergence and Representation: Magic Maps, Musings, Farewells 1

The magical Leah Kelley blogger, speaker
educator, awesome parent of H

Leah Kelley, who blogs at 30 days of Autism, created an amazing people map for her son, H, who shows every indication of becoming a great voice for the next generation of autistic adults. She writes about it in her post Gathering At TASH and the Magic People Map. Leah has been kind enough to let me use her people map to feature some of those voices who found creative and out of the box resources to help afford the trip to Washington D.C., speak out, and participate for those they represent. Read about them while I try to gather my thoughts on various points regarding divergence in neurology and representation. I'm going on a hiatus, a sabbatical if you will, and narrowing my focus. I'm not quite sure how it will all work out. Hopefully placing this beautiful map of people cards throughout the post will help outline a path for my thoughts on where I am now and how to move on from here.

Leah's deep love and respect for her son H, her strong background and experience as a special education teacher, along with a keen understanding of what supports divergent people need to navigate public spaces, shine in the concept of these cards and made her latest great idea very much worth sharing. It is the definition of what autism parenting with love and acceptance entails.

30 Days of Autism  also hosted an excellent quick assessment of  the TASH 2014 conference from Cara, who blogs at That Crazy Crippled Chick, and you can read about that here. I actually recognized Cara from the I Am Norm Campaign's first Youth Summit! She has gone on to graduate school and outstanding activism.

My son Mu. My living example that nonspeaking
autistics deserve the same respect that the rest of
 the spectrum is fighting for

The Bad: I do want to be clear about my frustration at my  failure to bring about what was to be the most important contribution I could have made at TASH. I wrote about that on the I∩tersected blog, which you can read here and I may expand on it when I hurt about it less. My main job as a parent activist who works to be an ally is to use my parental privilege to create opportunities for disabled disability rights activists representing marginalized groups to be able to take the podium and speak on what matters to those they represent. My being there, or me being able to speak for or in place of two great activists who were Black and disabled was never the goal or the point. Had I wished to address people alone I would never have asked them to join me.
I was unable to garner the support to succeed in helping two important disabled activists afford the cost for the accommodations and supports they needed to have their voices heard at TASH 2014 in the moment when harm to disabled people of color needed to be spoken about the most. It was the latest in a series of events that marked my decision to withdraw from everything except blogging. I am now simply a blogging autism parent.

I realize now that the organizational aspects of disability rights activism as they are currently structured, are constrained by the same institutionalization of privilege, hierarchal discrimination based upon degree of disability, layers of intersecting factors which are othered by organizations lacking equal neurodivergent representation, and the racial discrimination that is polarizing our country in general. The voices of marginalized groups within disabled populations are already muted  (as defined in muted group theory by E. Ardener,  S. Ardener, C. Kramarae, and M. Orbe). Institutionalized disparities in representation and support for marginalized subgroups in disability advocacy made my task as an independent activist seeking grant funding for direct support of disabled activists who advocate for said groups impossible.

Me, retired activist, glasses perched on
on the end of the nose I inherited from
my ancestors, proud mom to
neurodivergent Mu.

These recent events, combined with what I have experienced over the past few years when trying to seek help for our son or other intersected neurodivergent individuals in need, have brought me to the point where I feel the need to step back from activism and try to work out fresh approaches to how intersected people of color can be fairly represented beyond tokenism and appropriation of content and ideas. I  also see sharp differences between how individuals in the dominant religion and those who speak for populations with high incidence disability are responded to when they reach out to our community to request assistance for themselves or others and when activists for marginalized groups request the same help and support. I therefore don't see any point in pushing against this wall of discrimination alone when such effort is unnecessary for those who fit a more acceptable intersected constellation. That privilege of limited intersectionality achieves whatever outcome they wish. I'll expand on this later as well.

I truly believe that with the exception of neurodivergent families of diverse races who conform to the dominant culture in every other way, the autism conversation will continue to be dominated by white privileged parents with the financial means to provide ample supports for the 'therapy' and education of their children. We will continue discussing what those children need and policy will be dictated by that group rather than by neurodivergent adults whose needs are underserved or heavily intersected populations who are both underserved and overshadowed by the dominant group. This is true across organizations. If someone of color is in a decision making position, that person must be from a class position that disassociates itself from those in poverty and silently allows the dominant voices to dictate autism policy, because when they have reached a place of power, they tend to forget that their true purpose is to serve their people. Instead they stay silent and do as they are told and think of their own gain. They justify this by the old myth that somehow they must accept the role of token in order to make history so that others can follow.

The Good: A chance to meet and have lunch with the next generation autistic disability rights voices was a great gift

H, son of Leah Kelley, autistic activist,
speaker, student and incredibly cool dude.

during the brief moments I was at TASH.  Henry Frost was unable to attend, but his example and presence were felt. Renee (see magic people card after Emma's  and Henry's below) invited me to lunch with her wonderful kids and H.  As we were having lunch with these amazing young people,  a great deal of self doubt and self loathing, the self directed ableism that haunted previous generations of autistics, was not there. Both speakers and typers were at peace in their own diagnoses, and this more than anything made me feel the online community may be having a direct positive influence on the new generation of tween and teen neurodivergent youth. This confidence and comfort with who they were, the relaxed way in which conversation flowed from neurology to gaming, from there to interests of the moment was uplifting and almost made my bitter disappointment with the underrepresentation of diverse voicesat the conference itself dissipate.  While we were having lunch I realized that a group of African American disabled activists were having a working lunch and discussing strategy for what was clearly their panel which would be occurring after lunch. Roughly 10 to 12 activists sat, ignoring everyone else in the retaurant. An opportunity was there to gain community involvement in their panel and simply network. It was heartbreakingly sad that their self imposed isolation was happening when we were all there, smiling and more than willing to listen had they reached out to us. But that is the state of activism now. We, activists of color, are burnt out and tired of a great deal.

Emma Zurcher-Long,  Autistic Activist,
Performer, student, advocate for non-
speaking autists who type to communicate

I recently ran across a trailer to an upcoming documentary on autism that begins at a short conversation with Temple Grandin. Because we have not reached a moment where our community has true representation in it, documentaries about autism will always have Temple Grandin in them, and will in many cases mention the movie "Rain Man" when discussing level of visible divergence. So Dr. Grandin states she is concerned about what she terms "too many smart kids, on the real fully verbal end of the spectrum, all they want to do is talk about their autism." Apparently, they spend more time discussing their autism than they do discussing their intense interests. I would say that it is a good thing that autistic youth discuss autism since their autism is part of who they are. It is quite impressive to me that young people know themselves well enough to discuss their support and accommodation needs, how their diagnoses give them advantages and challenges, and feel comfortable doing so. In fact Dr. Grandin has made a serious amount of money and gained great fame talking about her autism and writing her opinions about autism, when autism is not her area of academic specialization but is in fact part of who she is. So I was a bit surprised at her statement of great concern. If autistics start directly discussing their neurologies at such young ages, they will be able to advocate for themselves and others without self doubt or shame. That self advocacy is the goal, and a giant step towards having them direct the autism conversation and by doing so, direct their own futures. Reaching such a goal would give voice to hundreds of individuals across neurology,  rather than the present narrow field of voices limited to well intentioned autistic 67  year old Ph.D. s of animal science speaking in such a way as to obliterate the voices of those who type to communicate.

Henry Frost - Autistic Activist,
student, advocate for full inclusion, public
speaker and activist for non speaking autistics

Meeting some very confident young people at TASH left me hopeful despite my sadness for my own people. I would think Dr. Grandin would be proud of young people who self advocate about their own neurologies. Her statement also excludes very young activists who type like Henry Frost and Emma Zurcher-Long, able to communicate eloquently at such young ages with AAC support. Her insistence in seeing the future of our community only in kids on the spectrum with verbal speech when such powerhouse young typing activists are making names for themselves is not just sad. It is a very good example of hierarchy of disability by presumption of competence based upon what is visible rather than what is possible. Independent young typing activists leading their own generation are the role models for nonverbal autistic presumption of competence. Dr. Grandin speaks as if there was never a groundbreaking documentary called Wretches and Jabbers that changed the global conversation about communication and nonspeaking autism, and as if Naoki Higashida never wrote "The Reason I Jump". The reason Emma Zurcher-Long is a public speaker (note the word speaker meaning communicator - she types through most of her presentations that is her primary communication method) is because of the impact of these nonspeaking people.  Probably one of the strongest voices in our community is Amy Sequenzia who also communicates by typing. Dr. Grandin is a privileged

Amy Sequenzia, Autistic Activist and
Poet, advocate for nonspeaking autistics
users of AAC to communicate

voice in our community and she sets up an ableist hierarchy of disability, immediately feeling the need to insure that the listeners understand that she's excluding nonspeaking children when she discusses "the really smart kids". If she has this ableism, and she is speaking to audiences filled with parents hoping to learn something to help their children, what is she teaching them about my son and his peers? I have no soapbox that will equalize the reach of my voice and allow me to counter such ingrained prejudice. Her fame has given her a large platform but she is using it to segregate autistics who type or need supports to communicate from those who appear to have verbal speech and may not require supports in the classroom or have less visible expression of divergence in neurology.  I've tried to counter this attitude, with little success. I now need to step back and think of new ways to approach these kinds of tremendous obstacles within our community in addition to continuing my son's homeschooling and fighting the wars we must fight for representation of our loved ones outside it.

Renee orchestrated lunch with young autistics
as a conductor would a concert. 

I am also sprinkling this small gift to you of magic cards of people as I write, because the people in them are so dear to the autism wars for driving representation beyond acceptance and the incorrectly used "awareness" term. They give hope to our community because they lift others up rather than simply promoting their own careers in disability rights advocacy or activism. They act with the community in mind. They are refreshing voices in a sea of self serving organizations crushing those they are pledged to serve underfoot while wondering why the very members they harmed are not building community or volunteering for them any longer. I'm doing this so that should someone happen upon this post while I'm gathering thoughts and on my hiatus, they can google and find their way to the words and works of said folk, and learn from them. I want them to share my joy and marvel at strong voices in the very young and the not so young. I would like to see tweens and teens of diverse constellations on similar cards next year. The internet has strong neurodivergent poets, artists, graphic artists, singers, and authors, who are incredibly young. Others were around when Ari Ne'eman was too young to know what his future would hold. Please learn about these people, learn from them and tell them your stories so we can hear your voices and learn from one another. I hope the cards give everyone heart, make their burden's light and guide them towards the understanding that whether my voice is here or gone,  the potential for a powerful community in the neurotribes is strong,  can be united, and if united could overcome any obstacle.

----------------------------------
In case you missed the link in the first paragraph 30 Days of Autism can be read at (http://30daysofautism.wordpress.com/)

This is  the end of part one of a ridiculously long post divided into three parts.  Part II is next

Facebook Notes Series: My Standing Position on Facilitated Communication

Originally Posted on author's Facebook Page, April 21, 2014

Facilitated Communication, or FC, is the memorial whipping post of autism. An easy target to malign because fraud is always big news; many who do so are not aware that they are falling into an ableist point of view because said criticism is founded on the presumption of the incompetence of the user of this method as AAC support.

My issue with FC criticism is that medical malpractice is more frequent and widespread than FC fraud, but we don't discredit modern medicine, and we don't tell people not to seek medical help. Psychiatric fraud and malpractice are more widespread, but we don't discredit the practice of psychiatry. In fact one of the most devastating chapters in autism history was Bruno Bettelheim and the entire psychiatric community insisting on legitimizing his dissemination of the unfounded "refrigerator mom" theory of autism ( "although [ Leo] Kanner was instrumental in framing the refrigerator mother theory, it was Bruno Bettelheim, a University of Chicago professor and child development specialist, who facilitated its widespread acceptance both by the public and by the experts in the medical establishment in the 1950s and 1960s." - Wikipedia).  An entire generation of mothers and their autistic children were irreparably harmed, all from a concept that was horrific, because the psychiatric community was not held to account for what the man was doing simply because of his professional label.

Cases of FC fraud should prompt the kind of response fraud in any other human services area does; that is a call for stringent standards and vetting for facilitators. It should not (based upon the presumption of incompetence of the nonspeaking participant, which isableist) be thrown out. Situations like these are why the cliche "throwing the baby out with the bath water" was created. Articles critiquing FC  facilitators should be doing just that. Not attacking the method, but shedding light on how important it is that standards be set for those facilitating, just as standards are set for quality of all those assisting and providing support to individuals in our community.

So:

1. Presume competence of nonspeaking autistic individuals. Sue Rubin, Jamie Burke, Amy Sequenzia , Sharisa Kochmeister and countless others show us that the ultimate goal of assisted typing can be achieved though reaching that goal may take years.

2. Critique the fraud by all means but realize that malpractice and fraud are rampant and this should never prevent a method from being explored or applied. Celebrate the successes of this type of AAC as well.

3. Call for better quality standards in managing those who are trained to facilitate. Because the consumer is a nonspeaking one, it is important that strong self advocacy skills be established in the consumer as well. Be part of a solution. Improve the lives of nonspeaking people, don't take away the legitimacy of their speech support and marginalize them. There is a great deal of room on this giant ship of autism. Let's let everyone get onboard.

This post generated 56 shares and 87 comments. I will try to add some of the comments which were posted references below.

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http://tinygracenotes.blogspot.com/2012/12/i-was-self-loathing-fc-skeptic.html
http://emmashopebook.com/2014/03/28/seeing-others-write-to-communicate/
http://tinygracenotes.blogspot.com/2013/07/dealing-with-family-matters-of-constant.html

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (1994). Facilitated communication [Technical Report]. Available from www.asha.org/policy. http://www.asha.org/docs/html/TR1994-00139.html#AP2 [Particularly important are The Final Recommendations: http://www.asha.org/docs/html/TR1994-00139.html#sec1.12 and Appendix 2: Minority Statement to Technical Report on Facilitated Communication and Response from Subcommittee Chair http://www.asha.org/docs/html/TR1994-00139.html#AP2] Accessed 25 April 2013.

Bailey, Judy, 2006, Dealing with Silence and Coming Out of Silence, http://www.everyonecommunicates.org/.../ComingOutOfSilenc..., Accessed 30 April 2013

Bailey, Judy, 2007, Slides from a Presentation given by Judy C. Bailey, M.Ed.,at Ellensburg, Washington, Summer 2007, http://www.everyonecommunicates.org/.../Ellensburg2007.html, Accessed 30 April 2013  http://www.everyonecommunicates.org/nutshell.html

Bailey, Judy, 2005, Thoughts on Facilitated Communication Training (FCT): What If…?, http://www.everyonecommunicates.org/.../ThoughtsOnFCT.html, Accessed 30 April 2013

Brandl, Charlene, Sometimes It Can Be Hard to Believe, Grandma Char and lessons learned, 25 March 2013, http://www.grandmacharslessonslearned.blogspot.co.uk/..., Accessed 17 April 2013.

Brandl, Charlene, Why I Do What I Do, Grandma Char and lessons learned, 11 January 2013, http://www.grandmacharslessonslearned.blogspot.co.uk/..., Accessed 17 April 2013

Crossley, Rosemary, Issues of Influence: Some Concerns and Suggestions, Facilitated Communication Digest, Vol.1 No.3 (May 1993) [pp 11-12], reprinted at Institute on Communication and Inclusion, Syraceuse University http://soe.syr.edu/.../doc.../2011/8/Issues_of_Influence.pdf Accessed 23 April 2013.

Crossley, Rosemary, Literacy and Facilitated Communication Training, Facilitated Communication Digest, Vol.1 No.2 (Feb 1993) [pp 12-13], reprinted at Institute on Communication and Inclusion, Syraceuse University http://soeweb.syr.edu/.../Literacy_and_Facilitated... Accessed 23 April 2013.

Crossley, Rosemary & Borthwick, Chris. 2002, "What Constitutes Evidence?" Presented at the Seventh Biennial ISAAC (International Society for Alternative and Augmentative Communication) Research Symposium, Odense, Denmark, 2002, https://attachment.fbsbx.com/file_download.php... Accessed 24 April 2013.
Fransden, Mike, Examiner Health & Fitness, 9 October 2010, Facilitated Communication (FC) enables non-verbal people on autism spectrum to communicate by typing, http://www.examiner.com/.../facilitated-communication-fc..., Accessed 16 April 2013.

ASHA Practice Policy - Browse by Topic
Below are the official documents of the Association related to a particular topic. You can also browse documents by year and by type of document.
ASHA.ORG

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